First track all Armenians should know it is "Sourp Sourp" translated "Holy Holy" a classic Armenian christian hymn second song from the Duduk master himself Gasparyan. enjoy Ani during the B.C.E. period was always a religious pagan site for Armenians, when Armenians adopted Christianity a few churches were built in the Ani plains, the Pakraduni Dynasty of Armenian gave birth to the city of Ani in 10th century, and was immediately the rival of Constantinople Baghdad, and Cairo. Ani had beein invaded for the first time by the Byzantines, and was an unsuccessful campaign by them, under the Armenian King of Byzantium Basil the I second was the Arab Caliphate which was also an unsuccessful campaign third was the Seljuk Turks who did manage to get into the city walls, but not the citadel, the inahabetence of the city were slaughtered, and pillaged. The Mongols tried to conquer Ani, but Joint Armenian, and Georgian forces defeated them, a second attempt from the Mongols brought a downfall of Ani, and completely destroyed the City till this date. Ani is know a ghost city, and is a "Turkish" treasure, UNESCO declared it a world heritage site. Ani was the capital of the Pakratuni, or Bagratuni dynasty during the medieval ages before they migrated to Georgia, and Cilicia, because of Turkic nomadic migrations and invasions.

Author: CilicianAri
Keywords: Armenia city of Ani christian orthodox Georgia Georgians Turks Turkey Kars Byzantine Byzantium Seljuks Mongol Mongols war muslim islam crusade Pakraduni Bagratuni Bagratiouni history ancient greeks greece Kurds duduk
Added: January 1, 2009

An introduction to ancient theatre. Part of an online history of theatre class at Columbia Gorge Community College.

Author: cgcclive
Keywords: "History of Theatre" "Richard Parker" Ancient Theatre
Added: December 30, 2008

Approximately 1,000,000 years ago, the "Heidelberg Man", whose jaw-bone was discovered in 1907, the earliest evidence of human life in Europe, died at nearby Mauer. In the 5th century BC there was a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of worship on the Heiligenberg, or "Mountain of Saints". Both places can still be identified. In 40 a fort was built and occupied by the 24th Roman cohort and the 2nd Cyrenaican cohort (CCG XXIIII and CCH II CYR). The Romans built and maintained castra (permanent camps) and a signalling tower on the bank of the Neckar, and built a wooden bridge across the Neckar. The first civilian settlements would develop under the protection of the camp. The Romans remained until 260, when the camp was conquered by German tribes. Modern Heidelberg can trace its beginnings to the 5th century when the village Bergheim ("Mountain Home") is first mentioned in documents dated to 769. Bergheim now lies in the middle of modern Heidelberg. In 863 the monastery of St. Michael was founded on the Heiligenberg inside the double rampart of the Celtic fortress, and around 1130 the Neuberg Monastery was founded in the Neckar valley. At the same time the bishopric of Worms extended its influence into the valley, founding Schönau Abbey in 1142. Modern Heidelberg can trace its roots to this monastery. In 1155, Heidelberg castle and its neighbouring settlement are taken over by the house of Hohenstaufen, and Conrad of Hohenstaufen becomes "Count Palatine of the Rhine" (German: Pfalzgraf bei Rhein). In 1195, the Palatinate passed to the House of Welf through marriage. Heidelberg, one of the most beautiful cities in Germany, is nestled in the heart of the Neckar Valley about 70 miles south of Frankfurt. It is home to vineyards, medieval castles and fortifications. The city, a longtime haven for tourists, features the famous Heidelberg Castle, built during the sixteenth century. It combines Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque styles. Another historical landmark is the University of Heidelberg, the oldest university in Germany, dating from 1386. Boat trips along the Neckar River highlight many points of interest in and around Heidelberg and are fun for the whole family. Serenades, concerts and open-air theater presentations in the Heidelberg Castle courtyard are special treats during the summer months. The castle is also illuminated several times a year, commemorating the battles of the 17th century. Floodlights flank the castle and fireworks explode in the sky above. A stroll through Heidelberg's old city is a step back in time. Narrow streets lined with houses from various periods, expertly restored to their original condition, provide glimpses into German history and culture. The Heidelberg area has relatively mild weather and snowfall is very limited.

Author: rainbowwinds
Keywords: Germany Alemania travel events music cultura Culture Art
Added: December 29, 2008

Karla Caves, an example of Indian rock-cut architecture, is a complex of cave shrines built by Buddhist monks around 3rd to 2nd century B.C. It is located in Karli near Lonavala, a hill station, in the western state of Maharashtra between the cities of Mumbai and Pune in India. It is on a major trade route that runs from the Arabian Sea eastward, into the Deccan. Karli's location in Maharashtra places it in a region that is the division between North India and South India.[1] Buddhism, having become identified with commerce and manufacturing through their early association with traders, tended to locate their monastic establishes in natural areas close to major trade routes so as to provide lodging houses for travelling traders.

Author: pet126126126
Keywords: Karla Caves Lonavala
Added: December 27, 2008

Archaeological evidence suggests that the caves around the rock outcrop were inhibited during prehistoric times, and then used for pre-Buddhist (3rd & 2nd centuries BC) ceremonies. In 89 BC caverns were converted to Buddhist monasteries by King Valagambahu, one of the kings of Anuradhapura, who was driven from his throne by marauding Dravidian invaders from South India during the 1st century BC. He took shelter here for 14 years & upon regaining had a rock temple built in gratitude. The individual caves, which now house the temples, were created by building partition walls into the space beneath a vast overhanging rock, carved with a drip line to keep the interiors dry.

Author: nilntha
Keywords: nilantha nature wild birds animal heritage sri lanka sigriya polonaruwa anuradapura dabulla video "dabulla temple"
Added: December 26, 2008